Īfter graduation, Banks took a succession of jobs that left him free to write in the evenings. After attending Gourock and Greenock High Schools, Banks studied English, philosophy, and psychology at the University of Stirling (1972–1975). When someone introduced him to science fiction by giving him Kemlo and the Zones of Silence by Reginald Alec Martin, he continued reading the series, which encouraged him to write science fiction himself. The family then moved to Gourock due to his father's work. An only child, he lived in North Queensferry until the age of nine, near the naval dockyards in Rosyth, where his father was based. Early life īanks was born in Dunfermline, Fife, to a mother who was a professional ice skater and a father who was an officer in the Admiralty. In April 2013, Banks announced he had inoperable cancer and was unlikely to live beyond a year. In 2008, The Times named Banks in their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". His books have been adapted for theatre, radio, and television. His first science fiction book, Consider Phlebas, appeared in 1987, marking the start of the Culture series. After the success of The Wasp Factory (1984), he began to write full time. Banks, adding the initial of his adopted middle name Menzies ( / ˈ m ɪ ŋ ɪ z/ ( listen)). Iain Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish author, writing mainstream fiction as Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M. From the BBC programme Open Book, 23 October 2009
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